运行 Ubuntu Touch¶
Now that you’re logged in, there are a few more steps before Ubuntu Touch will be fully functional on your device.
Make / writable¶
Before we make any changes to the rootfs (which will be required for the next steps), you’ll need to remount it with write permissions. To do that, run the following command:
sudo mount -o remount,rw /
添加 udev 规则¶
You must create some udev rules to allow Ubuntu Touch software to access your hardware. Run the following command, replacing [codename] with your device’s codename:
sudo -i # And enter your password
cat /var/lib/lxc/android/rootfs/ueventd*.rc|grep ^/dev|sed -e 's/^\/dev\///'|awk '{printf "ACTION==\"add\", KERNEL==\"%s\", OWNER=\"%s\", GROUP=\"%s\", MODE=\"%s\"\n",$1,$3,$4,$2}' | sed -e 's/\r//' >/usr/lib/lxc-android-config/70-[codename].rules
Now, reboot the device. If all has gone well, you will eventually see the Ubuntu Touch spinner followed by Unity 8. Your lock password is the same as you set for SSH.
显示设置¶
When the device boots, you’ll probably notice that everything is very small. There are two variables that set the content scaling for Unity 8 and Ubuntu Touch applications: GRID_UNIT_PX and QTWEBKIT_DPR.
There are also some other options available that may be useful for you depending on your device’s form factor. These are discussed below.
All of these settings are guessed by Unity 8 if none are set. There are many cases, however, where the guess is wrong (for example, very high resolution phone displays will be identified as desktop computers). To manually set a value for these variables, simply create a file at /etc/ubuntu-session.d/[codename].conf specifying them. For example, this is the file for the Nexus 7 tablet:
$ cat /etc/ubuntu-touch-session.d/flo.conf
GRID_UNIT_PX=18
QTWEBKIT_DPR=2.0
NATIVE_ORIENTATION=landscape
FORM_FACTOR=tablet
Methods for deriving values for these variables are below.
显示缩放¶
GRID_UNIT_PX (Pixels per Grid Unit or Px/GU) is specific to each device. Its goal is to make the user interface of the system and its applications the same perceived size regardless of the device they are displayed on. It is primarily dependent on the pixel density of the device’s screen and the distance to the screen the user is at. The latter value cannot be automatically detected and is based on heuristics. We assume that tablets and laptops are the same distance and that they are held at 1.235 times the distance phones tend to be held at.
QTWEBKIT_DPR sets the display scaling for the Oxide web engine, so changes to this value will affect the scale of the browser and webapps.
A reference device has been chosen from which we derive the values for all other devices. The reference device is a laptop with a 120ppi screen. However, there is no exact formula since these options are set for perceived size rather than physical size. Here are some values for other devices so you may derive the correct one for yours:
| 设备 | 分辨率 | 显示大小 | PPI | Px/GU | QtWebKit DPR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| “正常”密度笔记本 | N/A | N/A | 96-150 | 8 | 1.0 |
| ASUS Nexus 7 | 1280x800 | 7 英寸 | 216 | 12 | 2.0 |
| 高密度笔记本 | N/A | N/A | 150-250 | 16 | 1.5 |
| Samsung Galaxy Nexus | 1280x720 | 4.65” | 316 | 18 | 2.0 |
| LG Nexus 4 | 1280x768 | 4.7” | 320 | 18 | 2.0 |
| Samsung Nexus 10 | 2560x1600 | 10.1” | 299 | 20 | 2.0 |
| Fairphone 2 | 1080x1920 | 5 英寸 | 440 | 23 | 2.5 |
| LG Nexus 5 | 1080x1920 | 4.95” | 445 | 23 | 2.5 |
Experiment with a few values to find one that feels good when compared to the Ubuntu Touch experience on other devices. If you are unsure of which is the best, share some pictures (including some object for scale) along with the device specs with us.
Form factor¶
There are two other settings that may be of interest to you.
FORM_FACTOR specifies the device’s form factor. This value is set as the device’s Chassis, which you can find by running hostnamectl. The acceptable values are handset, tablet, laptop and desktop. Apps such as the gallery use this information to change their functionality. For more information on the Chassis, see the freedesktop.org hostnamed specification.
NATIVE_ORIENTATION sets the display orientation for the device’s built-in screen. This value is used whenever autorotation isn’t working correctly or when an app wishes to be locked to the device’s native orientation. Acceptable values are landscape, which is normally used for tablets, laptops, and desktops; and portrait, which is usually used for phone handsets.
常见问题¶
If you have any errors while performing these steps, check see if any of the following suggestions match what you are seeing. If you have completed these steps successfully, congratulations! You’ve reached the end of the porting guide for now. Try to check the functionality of your device by following the Smoke Testing information in 质量保证.